What is an autonomous vehicle?
An autonomous vehicle is a vehicle able to drive on the road open without a driver.
Autonomous vehicles bring together those of whichAutonomy is totalbut also semi-autonomouswhich integrates Automated driving assistance systems or automated parking.
Autonomous cars have Digital sensors Such as radar and cameras, which send data to specific software. These data are collected, processed and allow a reconstruction of the 3D road situation (round, fires, etc.) thanks to a recognition of the forms. Artificial intelligence algorithms are therefore developed to decide the action to be performed on vehicle controls: brake, accelerator, steering wheel.
Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous vehicles
Many benefits it could derive from the democratization of autonomous vehicles:
– a reduction in the number of accidents, thanks to an appropriate reaction time
– a reduction of the traffic jams, the circulation will be more fluid and the traffic more homogeneous, thanks to the communication system between the vehicles
– Reduce the report, thanks to the electronic system that will send traffic information. Only the report dedicated to pedestrians and cyclists remains necessary.
– the fluidification of the circulation will allow reduced consumption of vehicles and therefore less pollution
But problems Also rise:
– In the absence of a driver, the legal liability in the context of an accident will be more complicated to determine
– motorists may be reluctant to not have control of their vehicle
– IT systems can be hacked, or non -compliance, safety is therefore questioned
– The cost of an autonomous vehicle, if it is too different from a conventional car, will be a brake
– automotive professionals will be interested and automation can eliminate work
Creation of the autonomous car
It is inside 1977 at Tsukuba Robotics Laboratory in Japan that the first car car was designed, then sent to a dedicated circuit. It was thanks to the recognition of the land signs that the vehicle was able to follow a trajectory and a roll. Has reached a speed of 30 km/h. For several years, the university laboratories in Europe and North America have worked on prototypes and, at the same time, the Mercedes Benz producer put himself on the question. The autonomous car only unleashed the greater interest in 2014When the giant Google Announced launching the road test of an autonomous vehicle. Today, all producers are interested in this future automotive novelty.
And, before this type of car had technically happened and made popular, time is for Automated driving help:
– Parking assistance with a system that identifies a free place and takes control of the pedals and the steering wheel to park the car
– Automatic emergency braking with obstacle detection, the vehicle slows down then stops alone if the driver does not interrupt quite quickly
– motorway assistant, for a safety distance and a controlled speed on a highway and in the traffic jams in particular
Road accidents related to autonomous vehicles
There are some accidents that took place and where an autonomous vehicle was involved, in particular in May 2016, in Williston in the United States, where a Tesla is equipped with the automatic pilot system has affected the trailer of a truck. It was established that 7 seconds had passed between the beginning of the truck maneuver, which at that time fell and the shock. Sufficient seconds for the motorist present in the Tesla to take orders and stop the vehicle.
In March 2018 in Temple in the United States, an autonomous Uber Company vehicle hit a cyclist. The driver present in the Uber vehicle apparently was using his phone when the impact occurred. In addition, the cyclist crossed the pedestrian crossings and in a dark corner of the road. He was perpendicular to the car, his bicycle lights were therefore not visible from the vehicle cameras.
Among other things, these accidents raise the question of the mandatory presence of a driver – in a state of driving – to react if the situation is specific and also the responsibility for the human factor in road accidents in general.
The autonomous car could become, in a few years, a reality. And everything suggests it Many progress must be made And many covered points before allowing traffic for all motorists on board an autonomous vehicle.
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